Birefringent Crystal Fundamentals Explained

Birefringent Crystal Fundamentals Explained

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Because of the distinction in refractive indices, one particular ray will go through the crystal in a slower rate than another ray. In other words, the velocity in the slower ray will be retarded with respect on the quicker ray. This retardation benefit (the relative retardation) is usually quantitatively determined making use of the subsequent equation:

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For propagation along the optical axis, the electric area can only be perpendicular to that axis, in order that 1 obtains the everyday index for just about any polarization course. In that condition, no birefringence is expert.

If waves with unique polarization Instructions propagate jointly during the waveguide, their period relation is restored after integer multiples with the propagation defeat size.

exactly where n(e) and n(o) tend to be the refractive indices experienced with the amazing and common rays, respectively. This expression holds accurate for just about any element or fragment of an anisotropic crystal except for mild waves propagated along the optical axis of your crystal. Since the refractive index values for each component will vary, the absolute price of this change can identify the full volume of birefringence, even so the indicator of birefringence will probably be possibly a damaging or optimistic value.

In the same way, the polarization condition of a laser beam in a laser crystal with thermally induced birefringence is distorted. The kind of distortion depends on the situation, Because the birefringent axis incorporates a varying (e.

is typically also utilised like a amount (see under), typically described as being the difference between amazing and everyday refractive index at a particular optical wavelength.

Alternatively, one may possibly specify the polarization conquer size, which is twoπ divided by the primary difference of the propagation constants.

光纤和其它波导中，采用有效折射率差值描述更好。这与传播常数虚部的差值直接相关。 

双折射现象的明显例子是方解石。透过方解石的菱面体就可以看到明显重影。

而在非线性光学和激光器技术中，双折射则是一些非各向同性透明介质的折射率依赖于偏振方向（即电场方向）的性质。后者的性质时非偏振光束入射到该材料上时产生双折射。 

这一效应可应用于双折射调谐器中，因为它是与波长相关的（尽管折射率差与波长无关）。该效应通过自相位调制和交叉相位调制而与功率相关（参阅非线性偏振态旋转），有时用于光纤激光器中的被动锁模。 

Alternatively, one particular may possibly specify the polarization beat duration, which is divided by the main Birefringent Crystal difference in the propagation constants.

In other circumstances, application of a solid electrical discipline has related effects, e.g. in Eyeglasses. The momentary software of this type of field may even bring about a frozen-in polarization, which suggests which the induced birefringence stays even just after eliminating the exterior discipline.

在激光器技术和非线性光学中，双折射现象通常发生在非各向同性晶体中：